This week in TV Guide: December 12, 1959

It's less than two weeks to Christmas, 1959, and there are several Christmas shows on tap. So let's get right to it, shall we?

The Hallmark Hall of Fame makes a rare matinee appearance on NBC Sunday afternoon at 4:30 CT with a four-part "Christmas Festival." In part one, Olympic figure skating champion Dick Button appears in "The Ice Princess"; part two features the Obernkirchen Children's Choir* singing Christmas carols; Walter Slezak stars in part three's story "The Borrowed Christmas" and part four consists of Judith Anderson (not yet a Dame) narrating the story of the Nativity. All that in just an hour - quite a show.

*Perhaps best known for their recording of "The Happy Wanderer."

It's not really a Christmas movie, but The Wizard of Oz has already become a holiday television tradition, and CBS airs the annual broadcast at 5pm Sunday,* hosted by Red Skelton and his daughter Valentine. There's a short feature about it in the national section of the issue; because the movie only runs an hour and 40 minutes, they need something to fill the remainder of the timeslot; hence, the studio host. Nowadays they'd just fill it with commercials.

*So you'd better record either this or Hallmark - oh wait, DVRs haven't been invented yet!

On Tuesday, NBC's Ford Startime presents "Cindy's Fella," a Western version of "Cinderella" starring Jimmy Stewart, George Gobel and Lois Smith. There's a TV Guide preview of this, remarking about how "Cindy's Fella" actually started out as an idea for Stewart's radio show The Six-Shooter, which on television was converted into The Restless Gun, starring John Payne. Who, of course, starred in one of the great Christmas movies, Miracle on 34th Street. But you already knew that.

Also on Tuesday, Red Skelton has a Christmas theme (if not a complete show), with Clem Kadiddlehopper as a temporary post officer worker helping during the Christmas rush. Wednesday, CBS' U.S. Steel Hour has "A Rose For Christmas," starring Helen Hayes and Patty Duke as a nun and an orphan. And on Friday, NBC's live Bell Telephone Hour has its Christmas special, hosted by the fine actor Thomas Mitchell, with Rosemary Clooney, the Lennon Sisters, and opera stars Lisa Della Casa and Giorgio Tozzi, among others. In subsequent years I recall Bell's Christmas show being even closer to December 25, but it's always a very pleasant hour of holiday music.

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There's another aspect to Christmas programming though, one that we don't see much anymore: local shows. And there are plenty of them this week, starring local choirs.

On Wednesday and Thursday afternoons, Eau Claire's (Wisconsin) WEAU features local school choirs, and on Thursday evening Austin's KMMT has a Lutheran church choir. Friday evening the Rochester Male Chorus is on KROC in Rochester. TV Guide notes that the group performed earlier in the year at the Sugar Bowl. And various local choruses will be appearing on KSTP's noontime Treasure Chest show on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. Thursday's is particularly interesting—a 60 voice choir from the Minnesota School of Business. Do groups like that have choirs anymore?

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The big news story this week is President Eisenhower's overseas trip, which is, as the TV Guide preview tells us, "the most extensive foreign tour ever undertaken" by an American president. His 19-day trip begins in Rome and, by the time it's over, will include the capitals of Turkey, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Iran, Greece, Tunisia, France, Spain, and Morocco, as well as the Big Four Western summit in Paris.

Television coverage of the President's trip is extensive. All three networks have specials planned for Saturday; NBC's is called the "Journey to Understanding," while CBS labels it "Eyewitness to History." ABC's is fairly laid back by comparison, just "Presidential Mission." NBC also has specials scheduled for Sunday and Friday, as well as daily updates on Today, while CBS counters with a Friday special devoted to America's "brittle" relationship with Iran. If only they knew.

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Speaking of history as we are, there's an interesting article by the historian Arthur Schlesinger, who in time will become best-known as one of President Kennedy's chief advisers. The article is entitled "How Television Can Meet Its Responsibilities," which TV Guide bills as the third in a series of articles by "outstanding Americans."

Like so many, Schlesinger mourns the content of television, quoting Edward R. Murrow's description of the medium being used to "distract, delude, amuse and insulate," and echoes Pat Weaver's complaint that TV is "nothing but being largely a storytelling medium." Of course, there are exceptions: Omnibus, See It Now, and special presentations of "Richard III" and the Bolshoi Ballet. "But these well-advertised gestures of piety do not alter the fact that the central, the all-encompassing, the all-devouring commitment of television is to mass entertainment, conceived in a very limited way."

From here, Schlesinger takes up the question of how television got this way. The traditional argument, of course, is that it's a medium that simply gives the public what it wants, but Schlesinger points to the argument made by Gilbert Seldes, TV host, occasional columnist for TV Guide, and director of the Annenberg School of Communications at Penn.* Seldes says the question that should be asked is this: if TV is, in fact, simply giving the public "what it wants," how did the public get that way in the first place? And does the public even know how good television can be? How can it, when network executives refuse to demonstrate it to them?

*The TV Guide connection is no surprise, given that Walter Annenberg is the magazine's publisher.

Interjecting the political for just a moment, Schlesinger was known as one of the most liberal of Kennedy's New Frontier men, and I think this attitude comes through in some of his observations. For instance, he insists that "artistic excellence is not something to be determined by majority vote," which I actually agree with, but it carries the whiff of the elitist argument that you've got to give the people what's good for them, whether they like it or not. He feels that networks cannot continue to base their profits on the domination of advertisers, refusing to let them dictate what programs go on the air.

He also calls for more government regulation of television, suggesting the FCC should become more active in reviewing station licenses as they come up for renewal. "The FCC might stipulate in the license that appropriate proportions of prime time be devoted to sustaining programs, to programs dealing with public issues, to cultural programs, to local live programs; that advertising be limited; that free time be grated during Presidential campaigns to all parties polling more than 10 percent of the vote in the previous election." Some of these ideas might sound good, but remember that the Prime Time Access rule, which gave the first half-hour of prime time back to local affiliates, has given us not incisive public affairs programs dealing with local issues, but endless reruns of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, Family Feud, and Entertainment Tonight. Who's to say what constitutes a cultural program? If The Muppet Show does an opera satire, does that count as culture? Even if Kermit wears a tuxedo? After all, many of us received our first introduction to classical music from Bugs Bunny—how do we classify that?


Schlesinger compares the effects of such action to that of the minimum wage bill of the '30s, and dismisses accusations of government control: "the setting of federal standards need not mean Government domination of television." Need not, you notice—not does not.

In conclusion, Schlesinger, quotes CBS chief Frank Stanton, saying "the strongest sustained attention of America is now, daily and nightly, bestowed on television as it is bestowed on nothing else." Schlesinger views this as a "frightening thought," but adds that if it is true, then so also is the fact that "if television is anywhere near so significant a public influence," then it must realize that if it does not regulate itself—if it does not take steps to ensure the broadcast of what Schlesinger sees as necessary programming—then "it must expect some form of public intervention."

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A brief note on my favorite ad of the week. It's the one on your right, for CBS' General Electric Theater Sunday evening presentation of "The House of Truth," starring host Ronald Reagan in the story of how a library in Southeast Asia leads the fight against Communism. It's good to know that even back then, over 20 years before becoming president, he's fighting the war against the Commies. And by the way, Ronald Reagan, needless to say, was no fan of Arthur Schlesinger.

Danny Thomas is this week's cover story, talking about his long run on television, which shows no signs of abating. His weekly CBS series Make Room For Daddy (or The Danny Thomas Show, as it's now known) has been on the air since 1953, and will remain there until 1964. What we learn from the story is that Thomas is a good guy, a burgeoning TV producer, a man uncomfortable with the label "The World's Foremost Entertainer," and someone who has no intentions of retiring any time soon. What's interesting about this to me, from the standpoint of today, is that the "World's Foremost Entertainer" is now almost completely unknown to modern-day generations, unless it's as the founder of St. Jude's Hospital. Which, in my opinion, is not a bad legacy to have; it's just another example of how the cultural icons of our own time can so easily dry up and blow away if we're not careful, and why the cultural historians have to work to keep them alive.

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It's the last weekend of the regular season in the NFL, with the Championship game still two weeks away,* and we've got a pair of games to round out the schedule. In a Saturday broadcast, CBS carries the game between the Baltimore Colts and Los Angeles Rams. It's preceded on NBC by an NBA game between the Cincinnati Royals and Minneapolis Lakers, from the Armory in downtown Minneapolis (a building I'm well-familiar with). At noon on KGLO, the CBS affiliate in Mason City, Iowa, there's a one-hour condensed replay of an August baseball game between the Chicago White Sox and Kansas City Athletics. What's notable about this programming? Of the six teams featured in the three broadcasts—one from each of the three major sports—five of those six teams are no longer in the same cities.

*The game, played on December 27, is a rematch of the previous year's title contest.  It's won by the Baltimore Colts, 31-16 over the New York Giants.

On Sunday, the NFL finale on CBS pits the Detroit Lions and Chicago Bears. It's up against an NBA contest between the New York Knickerbockers and Detroit Pistons on NBC. (At least none of these four teams have moved.) Aside from some golf and bowling, that does it for Sunday's sports, which explains why the networks have time for shows like the Hallmark Hall of Fame and The Wizard of Oz. For the rest of the time, I'm afraid you'll have to be content with Roller Derby and Championship Bridge, and the Wednesday and Friday Night Fights. Like I keep saying, it's a different time.

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Just a quick look at some variety shows. Sullivan has veteran entertainer Sophie Tucker, singer-actress Dorothy Dandridge, singer Brook Benton, the Ames Brothers, and David Seville. In case you're not familiar with that last name, here's a picture that might refresh your memory:

Elsewhere, Ed's competition on ABC is a Frank Sinatra special, featuring his Rat Pack buddy Peter Lawford, comedienne Hermione Gingold, singer Ella Fitzgerald, and Red Novro's jazz combo. There's also an appearance by dancer Juliet Prowse, about whom we wrote last week. NBC's Chevy Show features hosts Roy Rogers and Dale Evans, and singers Dennis Day, Jimmy Dean and Molly Bee.

On Monday, Steve Allen's NBC show (which had started out as a direct competitor to Sullivan) has his wife Jayne Meadows, singers Vic Damone and Sandy Warner, and pianist Andre Previn.  Steve's also joined by his three sons from a previous marriage in a comedy sketch. Arthur Murray's Tuesday night dance party (NBC) has guests including Burgess Meredith, Zsa Zsa Gabor, Shelly Berman and Merv Griffin. Perry Como's guests on Wednesday (NBC) are actor Maurice Evens, singer Jane Morgan, and the Wiere Brothers comedy team.

Next week, I expect all these shows will have Christmas lineups. Unfortunately, we won't be doing that TV Guide next week, for one simple reason: I don't own it. You can help rectify that with a donation to my PayPal account, but in the meantime, don't worry. There's still a pretty good issue in store, and a couple more articles in the meantime. TV  

What's on TV? Friday, December 10, 1965

Yes, it's time for another edition of everyone's favorite - What's On TV?  This week we're taking a look at the listings for Friday, December 10, 1965.  You can read all about that issue of TV Guide here; now, be prepared for an in-depth look at the day. We'll get right to it, after the break.

Celebrating A Charlie Brown Christmas, 49 years ago tonight

It was 49 years ago tonight that A Charlie Brown Christmas debuted on CBS.  As I suggested in Saturday's TV Guide review, there was a sense that this was a big deal, although almost everyone involved with the special, including the network, was filled with apprehension.

Lee Habeeb has a nice appreciation of the cartoon here (the details of which you might already be familiar with), which not only summarizes the doubts held by the network suits, but nicely puts the program into its cultural context:

As far back as 1965 — just a few years before Time magazine asked “Is God Dead?” — CBS executives thought a Bible reading might turn off a nation populated with Christians. And during a Christmas special, no less! Ah, the perils of living on an island in the northeast called Manhattan.

Yes, it was that long ago, and yet not so long; halfway through the tumultuous '60s, it was the end of one era overlapping with the beginning of another.  A few years prior, Linus' reading from the Bible might have raised nary an eye; a handful of years later, Theodore Geisel would insist that there be no religious overtones associated with his cartoon, How the Grinch Stole Christmas.  I don't know that Schulz could have pulled it off today, nor am I sure he would have wanted to.  He did back then though, and for that I'm grateful, along with his insistence on using the voices of real children for the characters, and the wonderful jazz score by the great Vince Guaraldi.

This year marks the 50th anniversary of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, which CBS airs tonight, but while there will always be nostalgia associated with Rudolph*, it is likely A Charlie Brown Christmas which was the more culturally profound, and contains the most meaning today.

*It certainly can't be the story, as I pointed out here.  And while we're at it, why in the name of all that is good and holy did CBS ever give up the rights to the Peanuts cartoons?  Was anyone at the network thinking?  Wait, don't answer that.

In her book Merry Christmas!, Karal Ann Marling points out that the popular celebration of Christmas has always had a secular overtone to it, one that preceded not only the "War on Christmas," but Charlie Brown as well, so I don't mean to put too fine a point on all this.  But there's no reason why we can't celebrate both the secular and sacred aspects of Christmas, after all.  That's what shows like A Charlie Brown Christmas are all about, and that's why we're all entitled to enjoy Christmas like kids at least once a year.  Watch it, watch Rudolph, watch them all!

This week in TV Guide: December 4, 1965

It is the first full week in December 1965, which means Christmas programming (and advertising) should be starting, right?  We only have three seasonal specials, but two of them are part of television history.

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On Saturday, Channel 11 presents syndicated coverage of the Santa Claus Lane Parade, taped on Thanksgiving Day in Los Angeles and hosted by Bill Burrud.  (At least that's what TV Guide says, although according to the always-reliable Wikipedia, the parade was actually held on Thanksgiving Eve.)  At any rate, the parade, which continues to this day, is a tradition in Hollywood; it's said that Gene Autry, riding his horse in the parade, was inspired by children shouting "Here comes Santa Claus" to write the song of the same name.  The rest is - well, you know the rest.

It's the next afternoon that things start to get interesting, as NBC's 4:30 p.m. (CT) General Electric Fantasy Hour presents a rerun of last year's smash animated special Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer.  That's right; it's only the second year for Rudolph, and yet it's already clearly destined to become a Christmas classic.  And classic it is, although this second showing is not quite the same as what audiences saw the year before; as author Rick Goldschmidt writes in his wonderful book, there were several changes made after the first year, including a new scene showing Santa stopping at the Island of Misfit Toys, a new song ("Fame and Fortune", replacing a duet of "We're a Couple of Misfits"), and the inevitable cuts made in order to squeeze in a few new commercials.  In fact, that inaugural telecast of 1964 has never been seen in toto again.

From one classic to another: Thursday at 6:30 p.m., CBS presents the debut of A Charlie Brown Christmas, perhaps the most beloved of Christmas cartoons.  It seems like a sure thing now, but most people know that CBS was very nervous about the whole thing, from the use of real children's voices to Charles Schulz' insistence on the scene of Linus reciting the Nativity from the Gospel According to St. Luke.  Schulz himself had misgivings about the quality of the animation and the cohesiveness of the script, which was written on short notice.  The special is finished only a few days before December 9, with everyone convinced it will be a disaster.  By the end of the premiere broadcast, however, it's clear that the show's a smash, destined to "run for a hundred years."  I don't know about that, but this year it will be halfway there.

TV Guide could sense how special it would be, though, as evidenced by this original two-page strip written exclusively for the magazine by Schulz.

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During the 60s, the Ed Sullivan Show and The Hollywood Palace were the premiere variety shows on television. Whenever they appear in TV Guide together, we'll match them up and see who has the best lineup..

Palace: Host Milton Berle's guests include Liberace, whom he joins in a song-and-dance number; actor Cesar Romero; singer-dancer Joey Heatherton; the singing McGuire Sisters; Johnny Puleo and his Harmonica Gang; the Berosinis' teeterboard act; and the juggling Peiro boethers from Argentina.

Sullivan:  Scheduled guests include singers Robert Goulet and Jane Powell; comedian Shelly Berman; rock 'n' rollers Tom Jones, and Martha and the Vandellas; comic Bobby Ramsen; the Idla Girls, Swedish gymnasts; Chong and Mana, a balancing act; and Burger's Animals - dogs, ponies and a monkey.

Both shows are heavy on the vaudeville acts this week, so let's concentrate on the big name stars.  I suppose it would be easy to make jokes about Liberace appearing with the in-drag Berle, so we'll let that pass; Cesar Romero has always been a personal favorite; Joey Heatherton's nice to look at; and the McGuire Sisters are OK.  Here's a pretty funny skit from the show featuring Berle as a stuntman, Romero as a pampered star, and Liberace as ruthless killer Irving Goldjacket.


On the other hand, Ed has Robert Goulet, who is very big, and Shelly Berman, who can be very funny.  And Tom Jones!  Tom Jones, who can still bring it!  With that kind of lineup, it's not unusual that we're going with Sullivan as the winner this week.

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Youth Version:  In 1965, there were three music shows trying to capitalize on the new wave of youth-oriented music born of the British invasion - in other words, pop and rock.*  They were American Bandstand and Shindig!, both on ABC, and Hullabaloo, on NBC.  The later two shows would only last a couple of years each, although they both produced some memorable moments; Bandstand, hosted by the world's oldest teenager, had started in 1952, and would survive until 1989.  Let's see what their lineups tell us about the culture of '65:

*Or as Sullivan and The Palace would say, "the rock 'n' rolling ..."

Bandstand:  Dick Clark's guests are Gary Lewis and the Playboys and Diane and Anita.

Hullabaloo:  Host Frankie Avalon sings and introduces Nancy Sinatra; singer-dancer Lola Falana; the Ronettes; the Yardbirds; and the Hollies.

Shindig:  (Saturday)  The Animals; the Moody Blues; and Georgie Fame.  (Thursday)  Manfred Mann; the Yardbirds; the Who; and the the Graham Bond Organization.

As you might notice with the Yardbirds, there can be a lot of overlap between the three shows.  In fact, going through YouTube, it's not uncommon to find clips of the same groups on all three of the shows.  But we'll just take a look at what we have this week.

In September of '65, Shindig! went the Dr. Kildare/Peyton Place/Batman route by airing twice a week, which gives it twice the number of guests.  This week's pair of programs, originating from London, include a very strong lineup, including three of my favorites: the Animals, the Moody Blues and The Who, not to mention the post-Clapton Yardbirds.  And that's enough, in my opinion, for Shindig! to outpoint Bandstand's Gary Lewis (son of Jerry) and Hullabaloo's Nancy Sinatra (daughter of the Chairman) and the vivacious Lola Falana.

Here are The Yardbirds singing "For Your Love" from this very episode of Shindig!  Although the clip is in B&W, the show itself was broadcast in color.


These programs are interesting for a variety of reasons.  First, as we know, the transition from traditional variety performers (popular singers, crooners, various comedy acts) to contemporary musical groups have often made for awkward moments on shows such as Sullivan's,* and both Shindig! and Hullabaloo (along with their predecessor, the folk-oriented Hootenanny) are attempts to bring the new era of entertainment to a prime-time audience.

*As Gerald Nachman points out in his flawed but informative book, Sullivan's willingness to bring big-name rock acts on his program meant a temporary boost in the ratings, but ultimately led to the downfall of the "one-size-fits-all" variety show.

Just as important, though, these shows demonstrate the evolution of rock-pop music.  Groups such as The Who, The Yardbirds and The Animals understood and were heavily influenced by the roots of American R&B*, and incorporated it into their music, often in a sophisticated manner.  Other singers, such as Avalon and Nancy Sinatra, would be seen today as representing a much milder version of pop music.  To the extent that today's rock groups merely mimic the sounds of The Who, the Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin, rather than understanding where these sounds are coming from, the contemporary sound is just so much noise, with none of the musicology behind it.  In that sense, these programs really do present us with a unique snapshot of a given time in music.

*Clapton, in fact, left The Yardbirds in a dispute over what he perceived as the group's evolution beyond pure blues.

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Today (if you're reading this piece on the day it was published) is more or less the final day of college football's regular season (excepting next week's Army-Navy game), and so it is also in this issue of TV Guide, with Penn State-Maryland bringing down the curtain.  Each team is 4-5, meaning neither will go on to the bowl season, which starts the following Saturday with the Tangerine Bowl.  There are no conference playoffs in 1965; in fact, many of the biggest schools belong to no conference at all.  Competition is intense, as only 18 teams will be invited to the nine bowl games.  The games themselves are still transitioning from being merely exhibitions; while UPI still chooses its national champion at the end of the regular season, the AP has recently moved their final poll to after the bowls.*

*Michigan State, #1 at the end of the season, will lose to UCLA in the Rose Bowl, justifying AP's decision to wait after the bowls, when they select Alabama.

It's also nearing the end of the pro season, and the networks are ramping up their coverage; NBC follows the Penn State-Maryland game with a Saturday AFL special featuring the New York Jets and the Chargers in San Diego; Sunday's NFL doubleheader on CBS has the Vikings and Packers followed by the Lions and 49ers, while the AFL on NBC continues with the Bills and Oilers in Houston.

Speaking of which, For the Record notes that the NFL is on the verge of a record-breaking contract with CBS, one that will pay the league $75 million for four years, an increase of over $20 million from the previous contract.  This breaks the record set by the AFL's $36 million five-year contract with NBC.  By contrast, today's NFL TV rights are somewhere north of $6 billion a year.

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I've written here about this week's cover story - no, not Juliet Prowse, but historian Arnold Toynbee's "Television: The Lion That Squeaks," and since that's an article in itself, I won't copy it here, but take a moment to check it out.  Hard to believe, considering the fanmag TV Guide has turned into, that serious, intellectual articles such as this used to be published in it.

And as for the leggy Miss Prowse, survivor of a broken engagement to Frank Sinatra, niightclub singer and dancer and current star of the sitcom Mona McCluskey, this is her second appearance on the cover of TV Guide in a little less than a year, the previous one having been in December 1964.  Alas for her, the show - which tells the story of an entertainer married to an Air Force sergeant, wouldn't even have spanned that length of time: premiered September 1965, cancelled April 1966. TV  

Christmas invades Around the Dial - and more!

All right, all right, I know I'm a day late with this (and perhaps a dollar short as well, but that's for another day); better late than never though, right?  Besides, it just means we have even more to catch up with today, right?  Let's dip into a week with a definite Christmas theme!

I didn't see last night's live version of Peter Pan on NBC, but I doubt it would have compared to the classic Mary Martin production that NBC aired in the 1950s and '60s.  At Classic Film and TV Cafe, Rick has a fond retrospective of those Mary Martin versions, as well as some more recent attempts to capture the magic of that strange, wonderful story.  Although I must have seen the 1966 telecast, it's the 1973 version that I first remember, and the 1989 one that I captured on DVD.  (There's also a very good comprehensive look at the genesis of the original musical, from it's Broadway days to television, here.)

You probably aren't surprised to find that I have difficulty getting interested in more modern Christmas movies; my heart, after all, is with my own memories, which tend to be significantly different from contemporary ones, but Joanna at Christmas TV History covers a very unusual and often moving documentary from this year on men who play Santa Claus, and the effect it has on them.  It reminds me of the British Christmas special The Curious Case of Santa Claus, featuring Jon Pertwee as a psychiatrist and James Coco as the Santa who insists he's the real thing.  You should watch it when you get a chance.

Cult TV Blog is back with a look at the Avengers episode "Esprit de Corps," from the Mrs. Gale era of the show.  He correctly points out the negatives as well as positives of this episode, and why when all is said and done it's still vintage Avengers.  We finished our Avengers top-to-bottom viewing a year or two ago (it was a Friday night staple, since replaced by The Saint), but it's probably due for a revival next year.

I've mentioned some of my favorite Christmas shows from time to time, but I don't know if I've ever given a comprehensive list of the programs in the Hadley DVD collection.  (Note to self: idea for future post.)  Comfort TV's David has a great list of classic Christmas-themed episodes of popular shows, and since mine tend to be of the movie/variety show ilk, it also gives me something to add to my own viewing.  Thanks!

I'm old enough to remember the American Football League; hence, I'm also old enough to remember when there were not two, not three, but four pro games on Thanksgiving Day.  Ah, those were the days!  You don't read about them much, though, which at times makes me wonder if I remember them correctly.  Thankfully, Jeff at Classic TV Sports is here to remind me that I was right, with this review of Thanksgiving football of the late '60s.

This week's TV Guide review at Television Obscurities will be up later on, so be sure to go and read it.  In the meantime, there is this story on CBS' upcoming broadcast on Sunday of two colorized I Love Lucy classic episodes, including a repeat of the Christmas special.  I'm of two minds about colorization; I think it's criminal in the case of movies and shows that made the cinematography an integral part of the story's atmospherics (think film noir), but there are cases (Holiday Inn, for instance) where I'm sure it wold have been made in color were that the norm for the time.  (Speaking of which, Terry Teachout has an interesting piece on the colorization of old photos here.) TV